Income Tax Officer, Ward 1(4), Jaipur v. Pinkcity Brokerage Services Private Limited

HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN BENCH AT JAIPUR 1. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 346/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward 1(4), Jaipur Having Its Address At NewCentral Revenue Building, Bhagwan Das Road, C-Scheme,Jaipur- 302005. ----Appellant Versus Pinkcity Brokerage Services Private Limited, Having Its AddressAt 102, Windsor Plaza, Sansar Chandra Road, Near Grain Mandi,Jaipur 302001 Through Its Authorized Signatory Naman NarediSon Of Lalit Naredi. ----Respondent Connected with 2. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 347/2022 Income Tax Officer, ITO Ward - 1(3), Jaipur, New CentralRevenue Building, Bhagwan Das Road, C - Scheme, Jaipur. ----AppellantVersus Kanak Vrindavan Resorts Limited, Having Its Registered OfficeAt - 4Th Floor, D-123, Janapath, New Sanagner Road, Shyam,Nagar, Jaipur-302019, Rajasthan Through Its Director ShriAashish Tiwari. ----Respondent 3. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 348/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward-1(2), Jaipur, Having Its Address AtNew Central Revenue Building, Bhagwan Dass Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur. ----Appellant Versus N.s. Publicity India Private Limited, Having Its Address At C-23, 7Th Floor, Shakun Emporia, Ashok Marg, C-Scheme,Jaipur-302001, Through Its Authorized Signatory AndDirector Shri Ballabh Das Maheshwari. 4. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 349/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward-1(1), Jaipur, New Central RevenueBuilding, Bhagwan Das Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur-302005(Raj.) ----Appellant Versus Shri Ganesham Build Developers Private Limited, Having ItsRegistered Office At 13, Balaji Mohalla, Dhani Gaskhan,Shahpura, Jaipur-303119, Through Its Director Sh. AnilKumar Sharma. ----Respondent 5. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 350/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward - 1(2), Jaipur, New CentralRevenue Building, Bhagwan Dass Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur.----Appellant Versus Sudhir Sankhla S/o Sh. Shrawan Sankhla, Aged About 48Years, R/o Plot No. 05, Hathi Babu Ka Bagh, Kanti Nagar,Station Road, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302006. ----Respondent 6. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 351/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ito, Ward-1(3), Jaipur, New CentralRevenue Building, Bhagwan Das Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur.----AppellantVersus Pushpa Devi Kedia D/o Prahlad Rai Kedia, Aged About 54Years, R/o 424, Queens Road, Nemi Sagar Colony,Jaipur-302021, Rajasthan, Jaipur. ----Respondent 7. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 352/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward-1(2), Jaipur, Having ItsAddress At New Central Revenue Building, BhagwanDass Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur. ----Appellant Versus Cm Goenka Capital Markets Private Limited, Having ItsAddress At 206, Jaipur Tower, M.i. Road, Jaipur-302001, Through Its Authorized Signatory- OmPrakash Goenka S/o Sh. Chhog Mal Goenka. ----Respondent 8. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 357/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward - 1(2), Jaipur, New CentralRevenue Building, Bhagwan Das Road, C-Scheme,Jaipur ----Appellant Versus Sharad Agrawal S/o Sh. Purshottam Agarwal, AgedAbout 39 Years, R/o 51, Gaurav Nagar, Civil Lines,Jaipur District Jaipur. ----Respondent 9. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 358/2022 Income Tax Officer, ITO Ward - 1(3), Jaipur, NewCentral Revenue Building, Bhagwan Das Road, C -Scheme, Jaipur. ----Appellant Versus Kanak Vrindavan Resorts Limited, Having ItsRegistered Office At - 4Th Floor, D-123, Janapath,New Sanagner Road, Shyam, Nagar, Jaipur-302019,Rajasthan Through Its Director Shri Aashish Tiwari. ----Respondent 10. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 367/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward -1(4), Jaipur Having ItsAddress At New Central Revenue Building,Bhagwan Das Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur-302005. ----Appellant Versus Pinkcity Brokerage Services Private Ltd., Having Its Address At -102, Windsor Plaza, SansarChandra Road, Near Grain Mandi, Jaipur 302001Through Its Authorized Signatory Naman NarediSon Of Lalit Naredi Income Tax Officer, ITO Ward - 1(3), Jaipur, NewCentral Revenue Building, Bhagwan Das Road, C -Scheme, Jaipur. ----Appellant Versus Kanak Vrindavan Resorts Limited, Having ItsRegistered Office At - 4Th Floor, D-123, Janapath,New Sanagner Road, Shyam, Nagar, Jaipur-302019,Rajasthan Through Its Director Shri Aashish Tiwari. ----Respondent 10. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 367/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward -1(4), Jaipur Having ItsAddress At New Central Revenue Building,Bhagwan Das Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur-302005. ----Appellant Versus Pinkcity Brokerage Services Private Ltd., Having Its Address At -102, Windsor Plaza, SansarChandra Road, Near Grain Mandi, Jaipur 302001Through Its Authorized Signatory Naman NarediSon Of Lalit Naredi ----Respondent 11. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 376/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward - 1(1), Jaipur, NewCentral Revenue Building, Bhagwan Das Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur.- 302005 (Raj.) ----Appellant Versus Shri Ganesham Build Developers Private Limited,Having Its Registered Office At 13 Balaji Mohalla,Dhani Gaskhan, Shahpura, Jaipur-303119,Through Its Director Sh. Anil Kumar Sharma ----Respondent 12. D.B. Special Appeal Writ No. 404/2022 Income Tax Officer, Ward 1(1) Having ItsAddress At New Central Revenue Building,Bhagwan Das Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur-302005 ----Appellant Versus City Wonder Developers, Having Its Address AtB-15, Heeranagar, Gopalpura Bypass Road,Jaipur 302019 Earlier Situated At 8A, KanotaBagh, Govindi House, Takteshahi Road, JlnMarg, Jaipur Through Its Partner Shri GyanChand Agarwal ----Respondent 13.D.B. Special Appeal Writ No.405/2022 Income Tax Officer, ITOWard-1 (3), JaipurNew Central Revenue Building, Bhagwan DasRoad, C-Scheme, Jaipur. ----Appellant Versus Arpit Agrawal S/o Sh. O.P. Agrawal, AgedAbout 44 Years, R/o 25, Srirampura Colony,Civil Lines, Jaipur. ----Respondent For Appellant(s) : Mr. Anuroop Singhi For Respondent(s): HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MR. AKIL KURESHI HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SUDESH BANSAL 21/02/2022 Order All defects shall be removed within two weeks. All these appeals are filed by the revenue to challenge thedecisions of the learned Single Judges quashing reassessmentnotice issued by the respective assessing officers. The commonfactor in these appeals is that all such notices were issued after01.04.2021 for the past assessment periods but without applyingthe substituted provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 forreassessment by the Finance Act, 2021. One such lead casedecided by the Single Judge in BPIP Infra Private Limited Vs.IncomeTaxOfficer(S.B.CivilWritPetitionNo.13297/2021) came up for consideration before the DivisionBench of this Court in case of Sudesh Taneja Vs. Income TaxOfficer and Anr. (D.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 969/2022). TheDivision Bench was considering writ petitions as well as appealsfiled by the revenue against the judgment of Single Judge in caseof BPIP Infra Private Limited (supra). All the proceedings were disposed of by a common judgment making followingobservations:- were disposed of by a common judgment making followingobservations:- "37. In this context we have perused the provisionsof reassessment contained in the Finance Act, 2021.We have noticed earlier the major departure that thenew scheme of reassessment has made under theseprovisions. The time limits for issuing notice forreassessment have been changed. The concept ofincome chargeable to tax escaping assessment onaccount of failure on the part of the assessee todisclose truly or fully all material facts is no longerrelevant. Elaborate provisions are made underSection 148A of the Act enabling the AssessingOfficer to make enquiry with respect to materialsuggesting that income has escaped assessment,issuance of notice to the assessee calling upon whynotice under Section 148 should not be issued andpassing an order considering the material availableon record including response of the assessee if madewhile deciding whether the case is fit for issuingnotice under Section 148. There is absolutely noindication in all these provisions which would suggestthat the legislature intended that the new scheme ofreopening of assessments would be applicable only tothe period post 01.04.2021. In absence of any suchindication all notices which were issued after01.04.2021 had to be in accordance with suchprovisions. To reiterate, we find no indicationwhatsoever in the scheme of statutory provisionssuggesting that the past provisions would continue toapply even after the substitution for the assessmentperiods prior to substitution. In fact there are strongindications to the contrary. We may recall, that timelimits for issuing notice under Section 148 of the Acthave been modified under substituted Section 149.Clause (a) of sub-section (1) of Section 149 reducessuch period to three years instead of originallyprevailing four years under normal circumstances.Clause (b) extends the upper limit of six yearspreviously prevailing to ten years in cases whereincome chargeable to tax which has escapedassessment amounts to or is likely to amount to 50lacs or more. Sub-section (1) of Section 149 thuscontracts as well as expands the time limit for issuingnotice under Section 148 depending on the questionwhether the case falls under clause (a) or clause (b).In this context the first proviso to Section 149(1)provides that no notice under Section 148 shall beissued at any time in a case for the relevantassessment year beginning on or before 01.04.2021if such notice could not have been issued at that timeon account of being beyond the time limit specified under the provisions of clause (b) of sub-section (1)of Section 149 as they stood immediately before thecommencement of the Finance Act, 2021. As per thisproviso thus no notice under Section 148 would beissued for the past assessment years by resorting tothe larger period of limitation prescribed in newlysubstituted clause (b) of Section 149(1). This wouldindicate that the notice that would be issued after01.04.2021 would be in terms of the substitutedSection 149(1) but without breaching the upper timelimit provided in the original Section 149(1) whichstood substituted. This aspect has also beenhighlighted in the memorandum explaining theproposed provisions in the Finance Bill. If accordingto the revenue for past period provisions of section149 before amendment were applicable, this firstproviso to section 149(1) was wholly unnecessary.Looked from both angles, namely, no indication ofsurviving the past provisions after the substitutionand in fact an active indication to the contrary,inescapable conclusion that we must arrive at is thatfor any action of issuance of notice under Section 148after 01.04.2021 the newly introduced provisionsunder the Finance Act, 2021 would apply. Mereextension of time limits for issuing notice undersection 148 would not change this position thatobtains in law. Under no circumstances the extendedperiod available in clause (b) of sub-section (1) ofSection 149 which we may recall now stands at 10years instead of 6 years previously available with therevenue, can be pressed in service for reopeningassessments for the past period. This flows from theplain meaning of the first proviso to sub-section (1)of Section 149. In plain terms a notice which hadbecome time barred prior to 01.04.2021 as per thethen prevailing provisions, would not be revived byvirtue of the application of Section 149(1)(b)effective from 01.04.2021. All the notices issued inthe present cases are after 01.04.2021 and havebeen issued without following the procedurecontained in Section 148A of the Act and aretherefore invalid. 38.The second question framed by us arises in thiscontext. Would the explanation contained in both thenotifications of CBDT dated 31.03.2021 and 27.04.2021save the situation for the revenue? 39.It is well settled that there is presumption ofconstitutionality of a statute (refer to the ConstitutionBench judgment in case of The State of Jammu &Kashmir, Vs. Triloki Nath Khosa and Ors., reportedin AIR 1974 SC 1). The said principle of presumption ofconstitutionality also applies to piece of delegatedlegislation. In case of St. Johns Teachers Training 38.The second question framed by us arises in thiscontext. Would the explanation contained in both thenotifications of CBDT dated 31.03.2021 and 27.04.2021save the situation for the revenue? 39.It is well settled that there is presumption ofconstitutionality of a statute (refer to the ConstitutionBench judgment in case of The State of Jammu &Kashmir, Vs. Triloki Nath Khosa and Ors., reportedin AIR 1974 SC 1). The said principle of presumption ofconstitutionality also applies to piece of delegatedlegislation. In case of St. Johns Teachers Training Institute Vs. Regional Director, National CouncilFor Teachers Education and Another, reported in(2003) 3 SCC 321, it was observed that it is wellsettled in considering the vires of subordinate legislationone should start with the presumption that it is intravires and if it is open to two constructions, one of whichwould make it valid and other invalid, the courts mustadopt that construction which makes it valid. However itis equally well settled that the subordinate legislationdoes not enjoy same level of immunity as the law framedby the Parliament or the State Legislature. The lawframed by the Parliament or the State Legislature can bechallenged only on the grounds of being beyond thelegislative competence or being contrary to thefundamental rights or any other constitutionalprovisions. Third ground of challenge which is nowrecognized in the judgment in case of Shayara Bano VsUnion of India reported in 2017 9 SCC 1 is oflegislation being manifestly arbitrary. A subordinatelegislation can be challenged on all these grounds as wellas on the grounds that it does not conform to the statuteunder which it is made or that it is inconsistent with theprovisions of the Act or it is contrary to some of thestatutes applicable on the subject matter. In case of J.K.Industries Ltd. and Ors. Vs. Union of India andOrs., reported in (2007) 13 SCC 673, it was observedas under:- “63. At the outset, we may state that onaccount of globalization and socio-economic problems (including incomedisparities in our economy) the power ofDelegation has become a constituentelement of legislative power as a whole.However, as held in the case of IndianExpress Newspaper v. Union of Indiareported in (1985) 1 SCC 641 at page 689,subordinate legislation does not carry thesame degree of immunity which is enjoyedby a statute passed by a competentLegislature. Subordinate legislation may bequestioned on any of the grounds on whichplenary legislation is questioned. Inaddition, it may also be questioned on theground that it does not conform to thestatute under which it is made. It mayfurther be questioned on the ground that itis inconsistent with the provisions of theAct or that it is contrary to some otherstatute applicable on the same subjectmatter. Therefore, it has to yield to plenarylegislation. It can also be questioned onthe ground that it is manifestly arbitraryand unjust. That, any inquiry into its viresmust be confined to the grounds on which plenary legislation may be questioned, tothe grounds that it is contrary to thestatute under which it is made, to thegrounds that it is contrary to otherstatutory provisions or on the ground thatit is so patently arbitrary that it cannot besaid to be inconformity with the statute. Itcan also be challenged on the ground thatit violates Article 14 of the Constitution.” plenary legislation may be questioned, tothe grounds that it is contrary to thestatute under which it is made, to thegrounds that it is contrary to otherstatutory provisions or on the ground thatit is so patently arbitrary that it cannot besaid to be inconformity with the statute. Itcan also be challenged on the ground thatit violates Article 14 of the Constitution.” 40.With this background we may revert to theRelaxation Act, 2020 and the two notifications issuedby the CBDT. We may recall, under sub-section (1) ofSection 3 of the Relaxation Act, 2020 while extendingthe time limits for taking action and makingcompliances in the specified Acts upto 31.12.2020 thepower was given to the Central Government to extendthe time further by issuing a notification. This was theonly power vested in the Central Government. As apiece of delegated legislation the notifications issuedin exercise of such powers, had to be within theconfines of such powers. In plain terms under sub-section (1) of Section 3 of the Relaxation Act, 2020the Government of India was authorized to extend thetime limits by issuing notifications in this regard.Issuing any explanation touching the provisions of theIncome Tax Act was not part of this delegation at all.The CBDT while issuing the notifications dated31.03.2021 and 27.04.2021 when introduced anexplanation which provided by way of clarification thatfor the purposes of issuance of notice under Section148 as per the time limits specified in Section 149 or151, the provisions as they stood as on 31.03.2021before commencement of the Finance Act, 2021 shallapply, plainly exceeded its jurisdiction as asubordinate legislation. The subordinate legislationcould not have travelled beyond the powers vested inthe Government of India by the parent Act. Evenotherwise it is extremely doubtful whether theexplanation in the guise of clarification can change thevery basis of the statutory provisions. If the plainmeaning of the statutory provision and itsinterpretation is clear, by adopting a position differentin an explanation and describing it to be clarificatory,the subordinate legislature cannot be permitted toamend the provisions of the parent Act. Accordingly,these explanations are unconstitutional and declaredas invalid. 41.As noted, two Division Benches of Allahabad andDelhi High Courts have taken similar view. Twolearned Single Judges of Calcutta and this High Courthave followed this trend. Independently also we holdthe same beliefs. As noted earlier we are consciousthat Single Judge of Chhattisgarh High Court in Palak Khatuja (supra) has taken a different view. Theview of the High Court was that the impugned noticeswere valid since by virtue of notifications dated31.03.2021 and 27.04.2021 the application of Section148 which was originally existing before amendmentwas deferred. It was further observed as under:- “Reading of the aforesaid notification wouldshow that it was issued in exercise of powerconferred under the Taxation and other Laws(Relaxation and Amendment of CertainProvisions) Act, 2020 and time for issuanceof notice under Section 148, the end datewas initially extended uptill on 30th day ofApril 2021 and subsequently again bynotification dated 27th April, 2021 the timelimit of 30th day of April 2021 was furtherextended up till 30th day of June, 2021. Byeffect of such notification, the individualidentity of Section 148, which was prevailingprior to amendment and insertion of section148A was insulated and saved uptill30.06.2021.” With respect, we are unable to persuadeourselves to accept this analysis of the situation. In ourunderstanding by virtue of notifications dated31.03.2021 and 01.04.2021 issued by CBDTsubstitution of reassessment provisions framed underthe Finance Act, 2021 were not deferred nor could theyhave been deferred. The date of such amendmentscoming into effect remained 01.04.2021. With respect, we are unable to persuadeourselves to accept this analysis of the situation. In ourunderstanding by virtue of notifications dated31.03.2021 and 01.04.2021 issued by CBDTsubstitution of reassessment provisions framed underthe Finance Act, 2021 were not deferred nor could theyhave been deferred. The date of such amendmentscoming into effect remained 01.04.2021. 42.In the result we find that the notices impugned inthe respective petitions are invalid and bad in law. Thesame are quashed and set aside. The learned SingleJudge committed no error in quashing these notices. Allthe writ petitions are allowed. Appeals of the revenueare dismissed. Pending applications if any standdisposed of." In the result without recording separate reasons these appeals are also dismissed. (SUDESH BANSAL),J (AKIL KURESHI),CJ KAMLESH KUMAR/s-102-114