EaseValueChapter XX of the Income-tax Act, 2025 deals with refunds — money returned to you when the tax paid (through TDS, advance tax or self-assessment) exceeds your actual liability. It also covers interest on delayed refunds and the department's power to adjust a refund against an outstanding demand (the successor to the Section 245 set-off, which requires prior intimation).
Sections in this topic
§431
Section 431 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Entitlement to Income-Tax Refund
Refunds
§432
Section 432 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Person Entitled to Claim Refund in Certain Special Cases
Person entitled to claim refund in certain special cases
§434
Section 434 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Refund for Denying Liability to Deduct Tax in Certain Cases
Refund for denying liability to deduct tax in certain cases
§435
Section 435 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Refund on Appeal, Revision and Other Orders
Refund on appeal, etc
§436
Section 436 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Correctness of Assessment Not to Be Questioned in Refund Claims
Correctness of assessment not to be questioned
§437
Section 437 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Interest on Income Tax Refunds (Successor to Section 244A)
Interest on refunds
§438
Section 438 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 — Set Off and Withholding of Income Tax Refunds
Set off and withholding of refunds in certain cases
Frequently asked questions
Can my refund be adjusted against old demand?
Yes — a refund can be set off against an outstanding demand, but only after prior intimation giving you an opportunity to respond (the successor to Section 245).
Disclaimer: Educational overview of the Income-tax Act, 2025 (effective 1 April 2026), not professional advice. Confirm your position with our team before acting.
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